ʻElua mau hoʻolālā no ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi: ʻike ʻana i ka pathogen ponoʻī a i ʻole ka ʻike ʻana i nā antibodies i hana ʻia e ke kino kanaka e kūʻē i ka pathogen.Hiki i ka ʻike ʻana i nā pathogens ke ʻike i nā antigens (ʻo ka maʻamau o nā protein i luna o nā pathogens, hoʻohana kekahi i nā protein nuklea kūloko).Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo i ka nucleic acid.Inā ʻike ʻia kekahi o ka nucleic acid, antigen a me ka antibody i loko o ka wai o ke kino o ka mea maʻi, ʻo ia ka mea ua loaʻa ʻo ia i ka maʻi.

Nucleic acid detection: nā koi kiʻekiʻe no ke kaiapuni ʻoihana, nā limahana hoʻāʻo, nā mea kani, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, kikoʻī maikaʻi, maʻamau 2-3 mau hopena.ʻO ka ʻike antibody: maʻalahi a maʻalahi ka hana, kūpono no ka nui o nā hihia i manaʻo ʻia a me ka ʻike ʻole ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi, ʻo ka hopena wikiwiki loa i loko o 15 mau minuke.ʻIke Antigen: nā koi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka nānā mua ʻana, ka ʻike mua, kūpono no ka nānā nui ʻana i nā halemai mua, nā hopena wikiwiki loa i loko o 15 mau minuke.I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻike nucleic acid, ua kaupalena ʻia ka naʻau a me ka kikoʻī o nā antibody a me nā antigen detection reagents, ua loaʻa i kēlā me kēia me kona manaʻo ponoʻī, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi i kekahi i kekahi.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana ʻike he nui hiki ke hōʻemi pono i ka manawa puka aniani a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka helu ʻike maikaʻi.Inā makemake ʻoe i ka antigen a me ka antibody detection lei aliʻi hou, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou, loaʻa iā mākou nā huahana ʻike maikaʻi.